Tungsten molybdenum
High temperature resistant metal, with good thermal conductivity, electric conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature strength, low vapor pressure and wear resistance and other characteristics, is an important material for electronic and power equipment manufacturing, metal material processing industry, glass manufacturing, high temperature furnace structural parts manufacturing, aerospace and national defense industry applications.
Tungsten and molybdenum are two kinds of high temperature resistant metals. Together, tungsten and molybdenum represent an industry, that is, refractory metal industry. Other refractory metals include niobium, zirconium, titanium, and hafnium, rather than an element. For industrial development has a great role, the current products are mainly used in argon arc welding machine on the electric electrode. China is a major producer of tungsten and molybdenum in the world, accounting for 80% of the world's exports. It is widely used in welding, electric light source, electronic devices, chemical industry, mining, metallurgy, shipbuilding, petroleum, aerospace and other industrial fields, and has a very broad prospect.
Tungsten-molybdenum and tungsten-molybdenum alloy have good thermal conductivity, electric conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature strength, low vapor pressure and wear resistance and other characteristics, and become the electronic and power equipment manufacturing industry, metal material processing industry, glass manufacturing, high temperature furnace structural parts manufacturing, aerospace and national defense industry applications of heavy materials. The application of molybdenum and molybdenum alloy in the above fields is mainly made by machining, forming, metal working and welding.
Tungsten is an irreplaceable basic material and strategic resource for national economy and modern national defense. Tungsten carbide has high hardness and excellent wear resistance, and is used to manufacture various cutting tools, cutting tools, drilling tools and wear-resistant parts, known as "the teeth of industry". Molybdenum is mainly used in iron and steel industry, most of which is directly used in steelmaking or cast iron after industrial molybdenum oxide is pressed, and a small part is melted into ferro molybdenum and then used in steelmaking.
Data show that the world's proven reserves of tungsten are only 2.9 million tons, distributed in China, Canada, Russia and the United States, these four countries account for up to 84%; China is rich in tungsten reserves, accounting for about 60% of the world's proven reserves of tungsten mineral resources, ranking first in the world. Tungsten resources in China are very rich and there are many types of ore deposits, but the industry order is chaotic, the product quality is low and the homogenization is serious. Although after years of mining order governance and rectification, China's tungsten industry still has a serious problem of excessive mining. From January to November 2011, the output of tungsten concentrate in China reached 120,000 tons, with a year-on-year growth of 14.06%.
The global molybdenum reserves are about 8.6 million tons, and the distribution of molybdenum resources in the world is highly uneven, mainly distributed in China, the United States and Chile, with reserves of more than 1.1 million tons. Total global molybdenum production in 2010 was 214,000 tons of molybdenum, up 12.8% year on year. China ranks first in molybdenum production, accounting for 37.4 per cent of global production in 2010. In the first 11 months of 2011, China produced 216,000 tons of molybdenum concentrate, up 10.99% year on year.
In 2010, the non-ferrous metal industry earnestly implemented the guidelines and policies of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council, and actively implemented the Plan for Adjustment and Revitalization of the Non-ferrous Metal Industry. As a result, the recovery of the production and sales of the tungsten and molybdenum smelting industry has gradually consolidated and achieved steady and rapid growth. From the operation of 22 enterprises, the development momentum of China's tungsten and molybdenum smelting enterprises in 2010 is good, the industry profit level is high. With the rapid development of the downstream industry of tungsten and molybdenum smelting, its demand for tungsten and molybdenum smelting products will continue to increase, and the development prospect of the industry is good.
Two elements in the same column of the periodic table. They also exhibit the same properties. Two elements in the earth's crust at an average concentration of 1.5 parts per million. Molybdenum is an essential nutrient for plants and animals. At high concentrations, molybdenum can cause poisoning which is sometimes the case from alkaline ash leachate. Tungsten is an important strategic metal and is used in a variety of industrial applications. It is usually mined from scheelite, powder CaWO4, and optical channel wolframite (iron, manganese) WO4. Tungsten is released into the environment, for example through its use in winter tyres and ammunition. The environmental behaviour of tungsten is not well known in general.
